Tugas Softskill 2 Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

Fajar Kurnia

Karang Satria Street

Tambun, North Tambun

089630920833

July 20, 2013

Graduate Program Director

Minesotta University

United States of America

Attn: Graduate Selection Committee

In this letter I am interested in starting my personal interest of applying for a master’s degree in computer science. I can say that I always had this passion and interest for the field of programming and networking, making it not surprising that I have already completed my studies in this field in just 4 years.

                I have cultivated this strong interest towards the field of computer science, all thanks to my own parents who also served as an programmer and system analyst. Because of their work, I became more interested in learning more in this field. Thus, I have enrolled in the program, completing it in 2016. I earned a bachelor’s degree in gunadarma university at kalimalang, bekasi city.

                While I was in college, I primarily focused on java programming, as well as its relationship towards the evaluation of programming impacts. While studying, I was able to finish my capstone project of making inventory application using java and mysql for mini market needs. I also have a little bit knowledge about networking, dbms and the others for your consideration.

                All throughout my entire life, I have also gotten myself involved in various forms of volunteering, not just to gain experience, but also in order to contribute to the community. Right before I attended college, I also served as a volunteer at a programming centre where I helped the elderly in various tasks, as well as in practicing them a little topics about computer science. I have also had the chance to volunteer in papua to give all my knowledge about the importance of using computer and technology.

               

Through the master’s degree program offered in your university, I believe that I will be able to cultivate skills and competencies needed in this field. Thank you for your attention and consideration.

Respectfully yours,

Fajar Kurnia

Tugas Softskill 1 Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

The development of information technology nowadays is the most thing that we need to pay attention on it. In the past, we already know that computer is a machine that used for counting only but right now computer became a multifunctional object that used with not just one thing.  In this era, computer have so many different type such as mobile phone. We can say that mobile phone is the smallest version of computer that operated with just one of our hands. If in the past mobile phone is just an object to connect one people with another people by voice call and sending text message only, in this era mobile phone can do more than mobile phone in the past. There is so many feature that we can compare between both of them such as in this era we can do browsing and chatting by internet connection, we can listen the music by mp3 player or radio, playing games and watching many videos with just one mobile phone.  

Smartphone is the name for mobile phone nowadays. Like I said before, we can do more with just one mobile phone. Smartphone is usually have one operating system. Operating system (OS) is a software that managing hardware and software resources and it role as daemon for computer’s program. A common operating system in smartphone is iOS, Blackberry OS, Windows Phone and the last one is Android OS. iOS is one of operating system that developed and distributed by Apple Inc. This operating system is launched in 2007 for iPhone and iPod Touch. It also developed to support another Apple’s devices such as iPad and Apple TV and the second one is BlackBerry OS that developed by Research In Motion to blackberry company especially for smartphone. This operating system provide multitasking and support special input devices that adopted by RIM to use in handheld, especially trackwheel, trackball, and the commonly used right now is trackpad and touchscreen. Then windows phone is an operating system developed by Microsoft and it became windows mobile platform alternate because windows mobile is not compatible anymore. Windows phone is launched on October 2010 and launched on beginning of 2011 in asia. With windows phone, Microsoft created new user interface using its designed language named Modern Style UI. The last one is Android OS that linux based. It designed for touchscreen devices such as smartphone and pc tablet. In the beginning, android is developed by Android Inc with financial support from Google and in the end, google buy android in 2005. This operating system is officially released in 2007 coincide with Open Handset Alliance establishment, a consortium of hardware, software and telecommunication company. The first sale of android mobile is on October 2008. Android’s user interface is commonly live manipulation, using touch movement such as swiping to object manipulated on screen and also virtual keyboard to write down the text.

In this case, I will explain about the version of android that we commonly used. The version of android’s name is come from the names of dessert like cupcake, donut, eclairs, froyo (frozen yoghurt), gingerbread, honeycomb, ice cream sandwich, jelly bean, kitkat, lollipop, marshmallow, nougat and the newest version name is oreo. Everybody must know oreo. Oreo is one of the most delicious chocolate biscuits. Android "Oreo" (codenamed Android O during development) is the eighth major version of the Android operating system. It was first released as an alpha quality developer preview in March 2017 and released to the public on August 21, 2017. It contains a number of major features, including notification grouping, picture-in-picture support for video, performance improvements and battery usage optimization, and support for autofillers, Bluetooth 5, system-level integration with VoIP apps, wide color gamuts, and Wi-Fi Aware.

Android Oreo also introduces two major platform features: Android Go – a software distribution of the operating system for low-end devices – and support for implementing ahardware abstraction layer.

Android Oreo was internally codenamed Oatmeal Cookie. On March 21, 2017, Google released the first developer preview of Android "O",available for the Nexus 5X, Nexus 6P, Nexus Player, Pixel C, and both Pixel smartphones. The second, considered beta quality, was released May 17, 2017. The third developer preview was released on June 8, 2017 and offered a finalized version of the API. DP3 finalized the release's API to API level 26, changed the camera UI, reverted the Wi-Fi and cellular connectivity levels in the status bar back to Wi-Fi left, added themed notifications, added a battery animation in Settings: Battery, a new icon and darker background for the Clock app, and a teardrop icon shape for apps. On July 24, 2017, a fourth developer preview was released which included the final system behaviors and the latest bug fixes and optimizations. Android "O" was officially released on August 21, 2017 under the name "Oreo". Its lawn statue was unveiled at a promotional event across from Chelsea Market in New York City—a building which formerly housed a Nabisco factory where Oreo cookies were first produced. Factory images were made available for compatible Pixel and Nexus devices later that day. The Sony Xperia XZ1 and Sony Xperia XZ1 Compact were the first devices available with Oreo pre-installed. Android 8.1 was released in December 2017 for Pixel and Nexus devices, which features minor bug fixes and user interface changes.

Some features of android version named oreo is :

User experience

Notifications can be snoozed, and batched into topic-based groups known as "channels". Android Oreo contains integrated support for picture-in-picture modes (supported in the YouTube app for YouTube Red subscribers). The "Settings" app features a new design, with a white theme and deeper categorization of different settings, while its ringtone, alarm and notification sound settings now contain an option for adding custom sounds to the list.

The Android 8.1 update supports the display of battery percentages for connected Bluetooth devices, makes the notification shade slightly translucent, and dims the on-screen navigation keys in order to reduce the possibility of burn-in.

Platform

Android Oreo adds support for Neighborhood Aware Networking (NAN) for Wi-Fi based on Wi-Fi Aware,  Bluetooth 5, wide color gamuts in apps, an API for autofillers, multiprocess and Google Safe Browsing support for WebViews, an API to allow system-level integration for VoIP apps, and launching activities on remote displays. Android Runtime (ART) features performance improvements and better cache handling. Android Oreo contains additional limits on apps' background activities in order to improve battery life. Apps can specify "adaptive icons" for differently-shaped containers specified by themes, such as circles, squares, and squircles.

Android Oreo supports new emoji that were included in the Unicode 10 standard. A new emoji font was also introduced, which notably redesigns its face figures to use a traditional circular shape, as opposed to the "blob" design that was introduced on KitKat.

The underlying architecture of Android was revised so that low-level, vendor-specific code for supporting a device's hardware can be separated from the Android OS framework using a hardware abstraction layer known as the "vendor interface". Vendor interfaces must be made forward compatible with future versions of Android; this theoretically allows the quicker development and deployment of Android updates for devices, as vendors would only need to make the necessary modifications to their bundled software. All devices shipping with Oreo must support a vendor interface, but this feature is optional for devices being updated to Oreo from an earlier version. The "seamless updates" system introduced in Android 7.0 was also modified to download update files directly to the system partition, rather than requiring them to be downloaded to the user partition first. This reduces storage space requirements for system updates.

Android Oreo introduces a new automatic repair system known as "Rescue Party"; if the operating system detects that core system components are persistently crashing during startup, it will automatically perform a series of escalating repair steps. If all automatic repair steps are exhausted, the device will reboot into recovery mode and offer to perform a factory reset.

The Android 8.1 update also introduces a neural network API, which is designed to "[provide] apps with hardware acceleration for on-device machine learning operations." This API is designed for use with machine learning platforms such as TensorFlow Lite, and specialized co-processors such as the Pixel Visual Core (featured in Google's Pixel 2 smartphones, but dormant until 8.1 is installed), but it also provides a CPU fallback mode.

Android Go

A tailored distribution for low-end devices known as Android Go was unveiled for Oreo; it is intended for devices with 1 GB of RAM or less. This mode has platform optimizations designed to reduce mobile data usage (including enabling Data Saver mode by default), and a special suite of Google Mobile Services designed to be less resource- and bandwidth-intensive. The Google Play Store will also highlight lightweight apps suited for these devices. 

The operating system's interface is also modified, with the quick settings panel providing greater prominence to information regarding the battery, mobile data limit, and available storage, the recent apps menu using a modified layout and being limited to four apps (in order to reduce RAM consumption), and an API for allowing mobile carriers to implement data tracking and top-ups within the Android settings menu. Google Play Services was also modularized to reduce its memory footprint. Android Go was made available to OEMs for Android 8.1.

Security

Android Oreo re-brands automatic scanning of Google Play Store and sideloaded apps as "Google Play Protect", and gives the feature, as well as Find My Device (formerly Android Device Manager) higher prominence in the Security menu of the Settings app. As opposed to a single, system-wide setting for enabling the installation of apps from sources outside of the Google Play Store, this function is now implemented as a permission that can be granted to individual apps (i.e. clients for third-party app repositories such as Amazon Appstore and F-Droid). Verified boot now includes a "Rollback Protection" feature, which enforces a restriction on rolling back the device to a previous version of Android, aimed at avoiding a potential thief from bypassing security measures by installing a previous version of the operating system that doesn't have them in place.

Sources :

file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fajar/Desktop/27%20Cool%20New%20Features%20&%20Changes%20in%20Android%208.0%20Oreo%20%C2%AB%20Android%20%20%20Gadget%20Hacks.htm

file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fajar/Desktop/16%20of%20the%20best%20Android%20Oreo%20features%20to%20get%20excited%20about.htm

file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fajar/Desktop/22%20Top%20Features%20of%20Android%20Oreo.htm

 THEORY

In linguistics and grammar, a pronoun (abbreviated pro) is a word that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase. It is a particular case of a pro-form. Pronouns have traditionally been regarded as one of the parts of speech, but some modern theorists would not consider them to form a single class, in view of the variety of functions they perform. Subtypes include personal pronouns, reflexive and reciprocal pronouns, possessive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, relative pronouns, interrogative pronouns, and indefinite pronouns.

ANALYSIS

Pronouns Type	Sentence	In Paragraph or lines
Demonstrative	In this era	Paragraph 1, lines 3
Demonstrative	Pixel and Nexus devices later that day	Paragraph 5, lines 12
Demonstrative	The Google Play Store will also highlight lightweight apps suited for these devices	Paragraph 14, lines 5
Indefinite	Everybody must know oreo	Paragraph 3, lines 4
Indefinite	Some features of android version named oreo is	Paragraph 6, lines 1
Indefinite	All devices shipping with Oreo must support a vendor interface	Paragraph 10, lines 6
Interrogative	a fourth developer preview was released which included the final system behaviors and the latest bug fixes and optimizations	Paragraph 5, lines 8
Interrogative	a Nabisco factory where Oreo cookies were first produced	Paragraph 5, lines 11
Reciprocal	to connect one people with another people by voice call and sending text message only	Paragraph 1, lines 6

        CONCLUSION

Android is the most popular operating system and the most commonly operating system that we used. There’s so many features of it. Android is user friendly which means we can operate it for any ages.